Bukola Afeni
The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) has warned that several northern states in Nigeria face an increased risk of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) as dry season conditions intensify across the region.
In a public health advisory shared on its X platform, the agency said cerebrospinal meningitis is a severe infection that affects the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. According to NiMet, the disease is commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
The agency explained that the infection spreads through respiratory droplets, particularly in crowded or poorly ventilated environments where close contact can facilitate transmission.
NiMet identified Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Adamawa, Gombe, Bauchi, Yobe and Borno as states at high risk of the disease.
Residents in central parts of the country were advised to remain vigilant and promptly report suspected symptoms, while Plateau, Oyo, Cross River, Edo, Ekiti and Enugu were classified as low-vigilance areas.
“Stay informed. Follow public health guidance and participate in community awareness campaigns,” the agency said.
NiMet noted that the disease can progress rapidly and become life-threatening within hours if left untreated. However, it stressed that early diagnosis and timely antibiotic treatment can significantly improve survival and reduce complications.
The agency said children and young adults, people living in overcrowded conditions, individuals exposed to dry and dusty environments and those with weakened immune systems are among the groups most vulnerable to the infection.
Symptoms highlighted by NiMet include sudden high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting and sensitivity to light.
“Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent meningitis. Practise good hygiene by washing hands regularly and avoid sharing personal items such as cups or utensils,” the agency said.
It also urged the public to ensure proper ventilation in homes, schools and public places and to seek immediate medical attention if symptoms appear, stressing that early awareness, vaccination and prompt treatment are key to saving lives.
